Understanding Sundowning in Dementia
Sundowners Syndrome is not a form of dementia or a disease, but rather a collection of symptoms that cause behavioral changes in individuals, particularly those with Alzheimer’s Disease or other forms of dementia.
These symptoms typically occur during the late afternoon or early evening—around sundown—hence the term “sundowning.“ Understanding sundowning in dementia and how it manifests can help caregivers manage its effects and improve their loved one’s quality of life.
What Are the Symptoms of Sundowners Syndrome?
Sundowning symptoms vary, but individuals with Sundowners Syndrome commonly experience:
- Increased frustration.
- Confusion and disorientation.
- Agitation or aggression.
- Heightened anxiety.
These behavioral changes can be distressing for both the individual and their caregivers, making it essential to identify and address the root causes.
What Causes Sundowning in Dementia?
Although there isn’t a definitive explanation for what causes sundowners syndrome, researchers have identified several contributing factors:
- Low Lighting and Shadows
As the light fades in the evening, shadows become more prominent, which can confuse or frighten individuals with dementia. - Disrupted Circadian Rhythm
Circadian rhythm is the body’s internal clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles. Dementia-related brain changes can disrupt this rhythm, leading to confusion about when to sleep or stay awake. - Lack of Sleep
Poor sleep habits or fragmented sleep can exacerbate sundowning symptoms. Some seniors may struggle to distinguish between being awake and dreaming. - Cognitive Impairments
Alzheimer’s and dementia cause plaques and tangles in the brain, which can interfere with processes like sleep regulation.
While the exact cause remains unclear, these factors collectively explain what sundowning in dementia entails and why it occurs.
How to Manage and Treat Sundowners Syndrome
While there is no cure for Sundowners Syndrome, there are strategies that can help reduce its effects. These include:
- Encourage Daytime Exercise
Physical activity during the day can help tire out the individual, making it easier for them to sleep at night. - Limit Daytime Naps
Too much napping can disrupt sleep patterns and make it harder for the individual to feel sleepy at bedtime. - Establish a Routine
A regular schedule for meals, activities, and bedtime can help regulate the individual’s internal clock. - Reduce Caffeine Intake
While caffeine can provide a mental boost, consuming it in the afternoon or evening can interfere with sleep. Encourage caffeine consumption only before noon. - Minimize Electronic Use Before Bed
The stimulation from TVs, computers, and smartphones can make it harder for the brain to relax. Avoid electronics at least one to two hours before bedtime. - Create a Familiar Environment
Personal items such as photographs, furniture, and keepsakes can provide comfort and reduce anxiety, especially in new living arrangements like senior housing or memory care facilities. - Consider Melatonin with Caution
Over-the-counter melatonin supplements can promote sleep, but they should be used sparingly and under a doctor’s guidance, as prolonged use can have adverse effects.
Managing Sundowners Syndrome with Care
Understanding sundowning and its causes is the first step in managing its symptoms. While sundowning can be challenging for both seniors with dementia and their caregivers, implementing strategies like exercise, routine, and creating a familiar environment can make a significant difference.
If you’re caring for a loved one and need additional support, memory care communities or senior housing facilities may provide the structured environment they need to thrive.
At Concierge Care Advisors, we’re here to help you navigate dementia care with compassion and expertise.
Contact us today to learn more about care solutions tailored to your loved one’s needs.
